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## Media
### Title
panorama_35B71969_38DF_03A3_41B6_43A671BFC8AB.label = Evening
## Skin
### Button
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Button_7AB86F35_6DB5_4748_41BD_1BF8C1BD740D.label = Information Session: 11th May
Button_EDBE0B4A_FA36_23A8_41D7_9FD29965C42B.label = Information Session: 11th May
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Button_EDBA8B4A_FA36_23A8_41A9_7B9B80EB0662.label = Information Session: 27th April
Button_E2AA00C2_FA32_7E91_41C5_98E8F66C6216_mobile.label = Information Session: 27th April
Button_7AB88F35_6DB5_4748_41B3_BEB235BC7C99.label = Information Session: 27th April
Button_4D449423_5426_CF90_4192_647E57D9C2E5_mobile.label = Information Session: 27th April
Button_7AB8BF35_6DB5_4748_4190_104DC3B4EF1F.label = Information Session: 6th April
Button_786E76E5_50C4_F8B8_41CE_D351F397C1F8_mobile.label = Information Session: 6th April
Button_E2A900C2_FA32_7E91_41C2_CAFE928C80ED_mobile.label = Information Session: 6th April
Button_6D975C68_4FAB_4933_41C7_E55D0D273F5F.label = Interactive Map
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Button_48A6166B_504C_D862_41B9_A1A89A5983DE.label = Introduction
Button_74EB4694_6DCD_D95F_4191_7284CF0E3A02_mobile.label = Introduction
Button_E14C754C_FA32_2791_41D8_5D9F536E700A_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 1
Button_EDB93B48_FA36_23A8_41E3_029C1B320D56.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 1
Button_1EF0CDEC_09AA_60DA_4191_D4B09BC1AEAA_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 2
Button_115F6358_09AA_21FB_418E_ED5D49F30CDE.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 2
Button_08FD19FB_1E51_93B5_41B7_B0464779ED5D_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 3
Button_0A951524_1E52_B053_41B8_20FE37D2DEA2.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 3
Button_551EC534_41EF_B792_41A4_1933A8E9E1C0.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 4
Button_577EF8A2_41ED_BEB6_41C5_DFB9BA21DF03_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 4
Button_552D411A_41EF_AF96_41CA_F859E0FC0254.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 5
Button_57945637_41ED_B59E_41B7_FD1F87DBBD0A_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 5
Button_47879A1E_5168_0258_41CE_17687386CEE7_mobile.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 6
Button_44513C95_5168_0628_41C8_8B8D9F2A4F15.label = Kildare Co.Co. Ep 6
Button_48A4666B_504C_D862_41C7_FFC7F9187479.label = Make a Submission
Button_F22BEDD5_ECD1_6096_41A3_86658BF3C36E.label = Make a Submission
Button_6A0F81BA_7FDC_0D60_41BE_9EFD7216CE79.label = Make a Submission
Button_083EB7FA_1A42_26DC_41AF_EE49C0EBBB4A.label = Make a Submission
Button_C58F6613_D3E9_EBD4_41E9_5DF4A4238DBB.label = Make a Submission
Button_66260CB2_733E_3FCE_4192_3C7C4DACF47F.label = Make a Submission
Button_0F5E0244_1AC6_DE3C_4165_F53AB0F69F59.label = Make a Submission
Button_23F057B8_0C0A_629D_41A2_CD6BDCDB0145.label = Make a Submission
Button_FC347F22_EFB0_83BF_41E2_E4626B9F87F1.label = Make a Submission
Button_F857BC34_EF90_866D_41B5_814C8670EF87.label = Make a Submission
Button_F5D43A3C_ECB1_A39E_41E4_C2AF52523B31.label = Make a Submission
Button_A8751BF4_BFB5_4CDE_41DF_3D782612150C.label = Make a Submission
Button_5C2DD85D_4FCC_684C_41C7_5AD70ADDCF7E.label = Make a Submission
Button_ACAF4CEF_BF9D_44C7_41D2_06E0778DD610.label = Make a Submission
Button_C006D470_D3D8_E85F_41D1_B891D86E1283.label = Make a Submission
Button_AD4C601D_BE9E_DB41_41D6_A6D4D78AC3D5.label = Make a Submission
Button_AAF90D58_BEBA_C5F5_41DF_7155F8DC92E3.label = Make a Submission
Button_AC20F3ED_BEEF_BCA2_41D4_B7E33A4D7B49.label = Make a Submission
Button_7AB83F35_6DB5_4748_41D6_A5DE49676CB3.label = Make a Submission
Button_6A76D704_7FCC_7526_41D0_32F532620CD5.label = Make a Submission
Button_12DA64D8_08E5_422B_4174_428D1F48096F.label = Make a Submission
Button_F297BE68_EB7E_A30A_41D2_03EB69CE34E8.label = Make a Submission
Button_C78BD516_D3FB_69C4_41DB_126DF35A8851.label = Make a Submission
Button_EDBB8B4B_FA36_23A8_41E5_9CE8B1515DEF.label = Make a Submission
Button_7A491106_5044_5981_41CC_701780F3F4E6_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_76C30A9E_5043_A8B8_41C5_650E71955114_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_6AC5F28E_50CC_D888_41D2_7A0BB7D4272E_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_760F7E7E_5045_A874_41B1_EDB3A24A441F_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_E2AA90C1_FA32_7E93_41C4_C927AD766BBA_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_78351131_503C_5983_41C2_B5C79E7AF092_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_E14C254B_FA32_2797_41E7_F8ABDE7B5DEB_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_7765459E_504C_58BE_41D2_65B9F91CC48A_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_3C593B67_222E_ABA7_41BB_B0663F7792EE_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_77170364_5044_5982_41BA_119D19981D46_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_74EB7694_6DCD_D95F_41D3_0D19481A0E4F_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_940F9C86_82F5_A0A2_41DD_EE4E2AED861D_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_7681CA00_504D_AB82_41D3_0F3EF2CB8AB0_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_23F057B8_0C0A_629D_41A2_CD6BDCDB0145_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_795C9F34_50CC_E99E_41CE_3A15651D2DD0_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_39A16B43_2232_EBE3_4183_593FC1A48A9A_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_74D38F8E_5044_A89D_41D0_10C439235809_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_77C8625D_505C_5B82_41D2_D26348E0E851_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_9A4322F8_82FD_A06E_41D1_9D5CF6AF8899_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_3E18D5E7_2252_FEDA_4193_9D36D523F60A_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_7861A6E5_50C4_F8B8_41C9_18684BA3B2D4_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_7AF6E694_50C4_589B_41C0_68A8D255DFAA_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_7798F2EF_503F_D881_41CC_81E20FE5A983_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_772B4D0A_503D_E98D_41B5_C686DE377065_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_760A6894_504C_688E_4173_2482304DA5B5_mobile.label = Make a Submission
Button_782C0ACC_6DBD_4EC1_41B2_48C85BB536E2_mobile.label = Online Information Sessions
Button_782C0ACC_6DBD_4EC1_41B2_48C85BB536E2.label = Online Information Sessions
Button_EF03B4C9_FA32_26AD_41DA_FF93DDD33D6B.label = Podcast Series
Button_E21AB7CE_FA32_22AF_41C1_20356702F7C7_mobile.label = Podcast Series
Button_9A4F62FD_82FD_A066_41A8_7602C771B9D6_mobile.label = Rural Settlements
Button_74ECE6A4_6DCD_D97E_418B_F618ADA32394_mobile.label = Rural Settlements
Button_6A771703_7FCC_7522_41B1_F81285AEB30D.label = Rural Settlements
Button_6A0FD1BA_7FDC_0D60_41D5_AA62126B6559.label = Rural Settlements
Button_6B5BB08E_5044_7775_41C6_BD162F11D612.label = Rural Settlements
Button_3BBAD3F1_2232_BAA3_4179_DCB78F8CADA7_mobile.label = See Chapter 01
Button_39A0AB48_2232_EBED_41BF_648D9D868EB8_mobile.label = See Chapter 02
Button_3C5B6B67_222E_ABA7_41B4_FAEDCA5EDD91_mobile.label = See Chapter 03
Button_3E1D75E7_2252_FEDA_41B4_4414D6CDDFBC_mobile.label = See Chapter 04
Button_760F2E7E_5045_A874_41BA_3AC509BC6123_mobile.label = See Chapter 05
Button_76C0AA9E_5043_A8B8_41BE_BDE4627BAC07_mobile.label = See Chapter 06
Button_760A6894_504C_688E_41BE_08E279DF23E3_mobile.label = See Chapter 07
Button_74D3AF8E_5044_A89D_41BD_8C6C6DA8AF32_mobile.label = See Chapter 08
Button_77CAD25D_505C_5B82_41C3_FF67CAC6AF73_mobile.label = See Chapter 09
Button_CD7FC107_D9F7_F179_41D5_2FD3F7368F10.label = See Chapter 1
Button_E5FE46D8_FCB9_BBF0_41BD_326B7EACF57A.label = See Chapter 10
Button_7AB7B106_5044_5981_41D2_DBA8E17947E6_mobile.label = See Chapter 10
Button_7765659E_504C_58BE_41B3_49F6934FF9B8_mobile.label = See Chapter 11
Button_E5961F70_FCBA_AAB1_41CA_9270D67255B9.label = See Chapter 11
Button_E0F38E58_FCA9_6AE1_41E1_4D7A30369CFF.label = See Chapter 12
Button_7681AA00_504D_AB82_41C5_C6FE796A0F6E_mobile.label = See Chapter 12
Button_E0E80EBC_FCAB_EBB7_41E2_790D2E4CCEF2.label = See Chapter 13
Button_77177364_5044_5982_41B8_CB5044977EE1_mobile.label = See Chapter 13
Button_E079E682_FCAE_BA4D_41B5_3843EC1D1182.label = See Chapter 14
Button_78354131_503C_5983_41C6_50ABD37A1024_mobile.label = See Chapter 14
Button_7798D2EF_503F_D881_41C5_CD4786929F76_mobile.label = See Chapter 15
Button_E1820546_FCA9_DED6_41E1_C0E3CC9BF6DB.label = See Chapter 15
Button_E10C5ED6_FCAA_ABC8_41E9_AC2A22B858F3.label = See Chapter 16
Button_772B7D0A_503D_E98D_41C5_6DF8CE7E8D61_mobile.label = See Chapter 16
Button_7AB6AF45_6DB5_47C8_41C1_F04D7A5518D6.label = See Chapter 17
Button_5C22C878_4FCC_6854_41CF_30A95025D068.label = See Chapter 17
Button_EDBBEB62_FA36_2398_41B0_A3D543B8854C.label = See Chapter 17
Button_E0F4487C_FC9B_76BE_41A8_B4B21DF2270F.label = See Chapter 17
Button_146E4E0C_08E7_BE2A_416B_D582EFFD0C4D.label = See Chapter 17
Button_7AF6D694_50C4_589B_41C4_C97D5887A290_mobile.label = See Chapter 17
Button_E9CB1153_FCAB_7698_41B6_2848442C0B4A.label = See Chapter 2
Button_EB273AEF_FCEA_ABB9_41E3_CED573FF30B1.label = See Chapter 3
Button_E5C38F3D_FCFA_EA9B_41EF_38B4B8ED8AE3.label = See Chapter 4
Button_EBB3B019_FCF6_D69C_41D5_77DE745DDE9B.label = See Chapter 5
Button_E461249E_FCAB_BE6D_41D4_353F0E282452.label = See Chapter 6
Button_EB7DBEFF_FCAE_ABAE_41EA_CBA41A30E1AF.label = See Chapter 7
Button_E5508A3B_FCB6_EAB7_41DA_842B2D0DE02E.label = See Chapter 8
Button_E4E3037D_FCBE_BAB3_41E1_F46CEC3DFCCA.label = See Chapter 9
Button_74EC9694_6DCD_D95F_41D1_C8BC0B17FCDC_mobile.label = Small Towns and Environs Plans
Button_9A4942FA_82FD_A062_41D9_17E0132B3EBB_mobile.label = Small Towns and Environs Plans
Button_6B239F6F_5044_A9B2_41C5_16CE7C932A74.label = Small Towns and Environs Plans
Button_6AC5A28E_50CC_D888_41B5_E8FB8BEE21A5_mobile.label = Strategic Environmental Assessment
Button_5C2DE858_4FCC_6854_41CD_F1B3F856157B.label = Strategic Environmental Assessment
Button_940CEC89_82F5_A0AE_41D1_F81541916B96_mobile.label = Strategic Environmental Assessment
Button_6A0161B7_7FDC_0D60_41C6_C62E5996A854.label = Strategic Environmental Assessment
Button_6A0951B6_7FDC_0D60_41D0_A8AE5A8F8E11.label = Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
Button_5C2E9859_4FCC_6854_41B4_200FE87EDA56.label = Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
Button_95F21C8D_82F5_A0A6_41DF_43AA6DCD36D1_mobile.label = Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
Button_6ABA528E_50CC_D888_41C3_E5D61D69B3E6_mobile.label = Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
Button_146C7E0C_08E7_BE2A_4180_BD3CAE8F7C4A.label = Submit Feedback
Button_5C221877_4FCC_685C_41D0_09A59F85FE92.label = Submit Feedback
Button_7AB6CF45_6DB5_47C8_41C2_EB3F2212BD57.label = Submit Feedback
Button_EDBB5B62_FA36_2398_41D6_5DBFEA0D0149.label = Submit Feedback
Button_9A4CF2FC_82FD_A066_41CB_1566F8E2E42B_mobile.label = Village Plans & Rural Settlements
Button_6B40A92E_5044_69B2_41D2_3ED3EE204F06.label = Village Plans & Rural Settlements
Button_74EC8694_6DCD_D95F_41D6_E1622A581FEF_mobile.label = Village Plans & Rural Settlements
Button_9A4092F9_82FD_A06E_41CE_3BCDD450FCA6_mobile.label = Volume 1 & 2
Button_6A750701_7FCC_751E_41D5_BF105E5560E5.label = Volume 1 & 2
Button_6A76D702_7FCC_7522_41DC_FEA889AEF543.label = Volume 2 & Appendices
### Image
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HTMLText_03FE3304_1030_3B07_4192_B6D54E735E24.html = Eastern Midlands Regional Spatial & Economic Strategy 2019-2031
Within the Eastern and Midlands Regional Economic and Spatial Strategy (RSES) there are several objectives which relate to rural development. These are referred to as Regional Policy Objectives (RPOs). In summary the RSES requires development plans to include policies that:
Recognise the contribution that small towns, villages, and rural areas contribute to social and economic wellbeing, that support the rural economy and initiatives in relation to diversification.
Support the longer-term strategic planning for industrial peatlands areas.
Support innovation in rural economic development and enterprise through the diversification of the rural economy into new sectors and services, including ICT-based industries and those addressing climate change and sustainability.
Facilitate the development of sustainable and economically efficient rural economies.
Our Rural Future (Rural Development Policy 2021-2025)
Our Rural Future provides a framework for the development of rural Ireland over the next five years. The policy is forward looking and ambitious and addresses both the challenges facing rural areas and the opportunities which rural economies and communities can benefit from in the coming years.
The document focuses on the following thematic objectives:
Optimising the opportunities for rural communities high-speed broadband.
Supporting improved quality employment and career opportunities in rural
areas.
Assisting the regeneration, repopulation and development of rural towns and
villages.
Enhancing the participation, leadership, and resilience of rural communities.
Enhancing public services in rural areas.
Supporting a just transition to a climate neutral economy.
Supporting the sustainability of agriculture, the marine and forestry.
Nurturing our culture and heritage.
Renewable Energy
Under EU Directive 2001/77/EC Renewable Energy, renewable energy sources are defined as renewable non-fossil energy sources such as, but not limited to wind, solar, geothermal, wave, tidal, hydropower, bioenergy, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, biogases and bio-char (i.e. the thermal treatment of natural organic materials in an oxygen-limited environment). Due to increased energy requirements and national and EU targets for energy consumption from renewable sources, our electricity supply must move away from fossil fuel sources to renewable and sustainable forms of generation. The Council recognises the range of new and developing technologies and supporting infrastructure that can contribute to minimising greenhouse gas emissions and to securing a greater proportion of our energy needs from renewable resources.
It is an objective of this Plan to support the establishment of a Mid-East Energy Bureau in collaboration with Wicklow County Council, Meath County Council and the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland. This agency would lead the delivery of sustainable energy solutions in Kildare and beyond, by advocating, educating and innovating on climate action and would encourage and guide communities, businesses and citizens to participate in the energy transition and achieve carbon neutrality.
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Infrastructural Assessment
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Infrastructural Assessment
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Infrastructural Assessment
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Infrastructural Assessment
Energy Supply & Infrastructure
The Council acknowledges the need to utilise electricity for domestic and commercial use within the county. Notwithstanding the Council’s desire to promote the growth in renewable energy alternatives, the majority of the county’s energy is still generated from non-renewable sources such as the burning of coal, oil, peat and natural gas. For the most part this energy is transferred around the county on the national grid transmission infrastructure. While the main source of electricity generation in Ireland is from nonrenewable sources, electricity generation from renewable sources is increasing.
Chapter 8 – Urban Centres & Retail
Retail is the single biggest private sector employer in the country, with around 300,000 employed in every village, town and city across Ireland and generating around €7 billion in tax revenue for the state every year1. The economic activity generated in retail in turn supports local suppliers, producers and the wider economy.
The sector is facing many challenges including an increase in online shopping, impacts on distribution from Brexit and the ongoing consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic including an increase in vacancy levels in our towns and villages throughout the county. Retailing is a fundamental element of town and village centre activity and it is important that these centres maintain, reinstate and improve retailing as a core function which this chapter seeks to address.
Draft Development Plan Appendices
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Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
The Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 is the key strategy document which structures the proper planning and sustainable development of land-use across County Kildare over the six-year statutory time period of the plan. The Development Plan (the Plan) seeks to address the physical, economic, social and environmental needs of the community, in terms of supporting structured new development, protecting the environment, enhancing valued assets and amenities. The preparation of the Plan has regard to key recent development trends and national, regional and local policy documents, in particular, the National Planning Framework (NPF) and the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy for the Eastern Midland Region (RSES).
Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
The Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 is the key strategy document which structures the proper planning and sustainable development of land-use across County Kildare over the six-year statutory time period of the plan. The Development Plan (the Plan) seeks to address the physical, economic, social and environmental needs of the community, in terms of supporting structured new development, protecting the environment, enhancing valued assets and amenities. The preparation of the Plan has regard to key recent development trends and national, regional and local policy documents, in particular, the National Planning Framework (NPF) and the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy for the Eastern Midland Region (RSES).
Archaeological Heritage
Archaeological heritage consists of the material remains left behind by past societies and includes structures, places, caves, sites, features or portable objects, whether on land, underwater or in the intertidal zone.
Kildare’s irreplaceable archaeological heritage provides information on development through the millennia. Only a portion of the material remains of the past has survived, as many sites have disappeared from the landscape. Of those that do survive, some are visible in the landscape while others only survive beneath the current ground surface or have been remodelled within more modern buildings.
All known archaeological sites are identified in the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) (see www.archaeology.ie). Kildare’s archaeology varies greatly in form, date and condition. Ranging from the Mesolithic Period (7000 BC) to the end of the Medieval Period (1700 AD), the archaeological record includes megalithic sites, Fulachta Fiadh, Early Christian ecclesiastical sites, churches and graveyards, medieval buildings, castles, industrial archaeology and underwater sites such as wrecks. The Curragh is a significant archaeological and historical landscape within the county.
The archaeological heritage is a resource that can be used to gain knowledge and understanding of the past and is, therefore, of great cultural and scientific importance.
Areas of High Amenity
In addition to Landscape Character Areas and the sensitivity of these areas to development, there are certain special landscape areas within the county, some of which overlap with sensitive landscapes. For the purposes of this Plan these areas have been defined as Areas of High Amenity. They are classified because of their outstanding natural beauty and/or unique interest value and are generally sensitive to the impacts of development. These areas are outlined in the following sub-sections.
Areas of High Amenity
In addition to Landscape Character Areas and the sensitivity of these areas to development, there are certain special landscape areas within the county, some of which overlap with sensitive landscapes. For the purposes of this Plan these areas have been defined as Areas of High Amenity. They are classified because of their outstanding natural beauty and/or unique interest value and are generally sensitive to the impacts of development. These areas are outlined in the following sub-sections.
Chapter 1 – Introduction & Strategic Context
The Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 is the key strategy document which structures the proper planning and sustainable development of land-use across County Kildare over the six-year statutory time period of the plan.
The Development Plan (the Plan) sets out the strategy to co-ordinate and prioritise areas of population growth capable of accommodating up to c. 25,000 people by 2029, and in doing so the Plan seeks to address the physical, economic, social and environmental needs of the community, in terms of supporting structured new development, protecting the environment, enhancing valued assets and amenities. A key focus of the Plan is to develop a county that is resilient to climate change, plans for and adapts to climate change and facilitates a low carbon future.
The preparation of the Plan has regard to key recent development trends and national, regional and local policy documents, in particular, the National Planning Framework (NPF) and the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES) for the Eastern and Midland Region.
The Plan consists of a Written Statement supported by Maps and Appendices, prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Planning & Development Act 2000 (as amended), and once adopted, the Plan will replace the Kildare County Development Plan 2017-2023 (including Variation 1).
Chapter 10 – Community Infrastructure & Creative Places
Social infrastructure, community facilities and community development are vital to the creation of sustainable communities and supporting a healthy lifestyle. Access to sports, play and recreational facilities are crucial to our health and wellbeing. Essential services such as healthcare, childcare, education, culture and the arts all have a significant role to play in our quality of life. These services and facilities should ideally be located within each town/village to provide easy access and optimise the opportunity for people to walk or cycle to them.
Community/social infrastructure for the purposes of this chapter includes community centres/halls, libraries, cultural facilities, places of worship, burial grounds, schools, childcare facilities, healthcare facilities, playgrounds, sports and other recreational
facilities. Public open space/parks which are also important aspects of community infrastructure are considered in Chapter 14 of this Plan, ‘Landscape, Recreation and Amenity’.
The Council will seek to provide, where possible/feasible and within its remit, community infrastructure that meets the social and recreational requirements of each town/village in County Kildare. The Council will also work closely with relevant stakeholders to facilitate and support the provision of such community infrastructure in town/village centres and in residential and employment areas to optimise access, function and use. Shared use and co-location of facilities is encouraged to align service provision, use land more efficiently and facilitate opportunities for further inclusion and community participation.
Chapter 11 – Built and Cultural Heritage
County Kildare has a rich and diverse heritage, which includes landscapes, countryside, archaeological sites and the built environment of towns and villages. Heritage is integral to the identity of any county. It provides the county with a strong sense of place, character, and distinctiveness. Heritage protection is an integral part of sustainable development, it has environmental and quality of life benefits and brings significant economic benefits.
Much of our built heritage is clustered in our towns, and the restoration and re-use of derelict or under-used buildings can provide for a variety of innovative uses, such as housing, education, arts, and cultural spaces. While the active use of built heritage is a key element for the revitalisation of our town centres, the protection and conservation of buildings, structures and their settings, as protected structures, and archaeological monuments, will continue to be a key element in built heritage policy.
Chapter 12 – Biodiversity & Green Infrastructure
Biodiversity has intrinsic value, with each species having a value and a right to exist. It is important because all of life is interconnected and functions as part of a complex ecosystem, with a multitude of inter-dependencies required for species survival and well-being. The health of the planet depends on the health of our biodiversity and humans rely on biodiversity for food, clean air and water, healthy soils, clothing and building materials, as well as for medicines and places in which to unwind and reconnect with nature. Biodiversity underpins important economic sectors such as agriculture and tourism and provides many other benefits. A Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss Emergency was declared by the Irish Government in May 2019 and Kildare County Council declared a Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss Emergency in June 2019. This chapter outlines many important sites within Kildare that contain rich biodiversity and are protected such as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs), Wetlands, Ramsar Sites and Nature Reserves.
Green Infrastructure is broadly defined as “a strategically planned and managed network featuring areas with high quality biodiversity (uplands, wetlands, peatlands, rivers and coast), farmed and wooded lands and other green spaces that conserve ecosystem values which provide essential services to society” (Comhar, 2010). Green Infrastructure can include parks, open spaces, rivers, farmland, playing fields, woodlands, allotments, and private gardens which surround and intersperse our towns and villages. Individually, each Green Infrastructure site has an important role and benefit in both urban and rural areas which can be strengthened and enhanced when the sites are linked together into a network of Green Infrastructure. Many social, economic, and environmental benefits can be achieved especially when the Green Infrastructure is proximate to where people live and work.
Chapter 13 – Landscape, Recreation & Amenity
Landscape embraces all that is visible when one looks across an area of land. As well as being an important part of people’s lives, giving individuals a sense of identity and belonging, landscape is the context in which all changes take place. The natural diversity of the landscape, coupled with human interaction in the form of introduced features such as hedgerows, woodlands, archaeological monuments, settlements, and buildings, all serve to give Kildare its distinctive characteristic landscape. All development which takes place has the ability to impact on this landscape, positively and negatively. Any new development or building has the ability to either enhance or detract from the environment. It is essential therefore that the landscape is protected and managed in a sustainable and coherent manner.
Recreation and amenity areas within the county include natural, recreational, and sporting amenities as well as social and community infrastructure. These facilities provide many cultural, social, economic, and environmental benefits and provide a positive contribution towards quality of life. The provision of a range of amenities which can cater for the demands of an increasing population, and which will be accessible for all sectors and age groups of the population is a central element in the delivery of sustainable communities.
Chapter 14 – Urban Design, Placemaking & Regeneration
Kildare is becoming an increasingly urbanised county, a trend that is anticipated to continue over the coming decades and one which the plan must address in order to focus on the needs of current and future residents of the county. As such, its network of settlements, its towns and villages, are the focus of ongoing growth and expansion.
It is recognised that settlements need to successfully accommodate and integrate new development whilst also maintaining and enhancing the character and viability of their historic centres. This is considered to be a critical element central to the retention of their overall identity, and key to providing both new and existing communities with ‘a sense of place’ and belonging.
Urban design is the art of creating and shaping built environments. It involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, and social infrastructure. It is both a process and an outcome of creating communities in which people live, connect with each other, and engage with the physical place around them.
Placemaking is a particular aspect of urban design which focuses on how public spaces can best be designed and managed in order to enhance the connections between people and these places. The concept of placemaking is very much people-centred and looks to the needs, aspirations and desires of the community.
‘Healthy placemaking’, which is cited by the RSES as a ‘growth enabler’ for the region, seeks to improve the design and functionality of settlements so that healthy activities and experiences are integral to people’s everyday lives. In practical terms, this means promoting and implementing active travel and neighbourhood design policies that encourage physical activity, increase opportunities for social interaction and strengthen mental health, thereby enhancing overall quality of life and wellbeing
Town centres are considered to have a critical role in the realisation of compact growth and low carbon development in the county, where historic cores have the capacity to accommodate substantial quantities of new homes either by the utilisation of living opportunities within existing vacant buildings or through brownfield/backland development. The Programme for Government (2020) recognised the need for and committed to, the development of a strategic approach to town centre regeneration that would maximise the impact of the Government’s considerable investment in urban regeneration. On foot of this, ‘Town Centre First – A Policy Approach for Irish Towns’ was published in February 2022, which seeks to take an overarching and coordinated approach to town centre regeneration.
Chapter 15 - Development Management Standards
Development management is a statutory process that ensures that development takes place in an orderly and efficient manner. Specific control measures are outlined to ensure that new development is of high quality and relates to the character, scale, layout, and form of the area in question. Development will be managed by means of established and proven principles aided by guiding standards, in particular guidelines issued to the planning authority by the Minister regarding its functions, under Section 28 of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended).
There is an obligation on the Council to ensure that permissions granted under the Planning Acts are consistent with the policies and objectives set out in this Plan. This chapter focuses on the general planning standards and design criteria that will be applied by the council to ensure that future development is in accordance with these policies and objectives.
The granting of planning permission does not in itself enable development to commence. There may be other legal and procedural requirements to consider, including property title, building regulations, public health acts, fire regulations, air and water pollution legislation.
Chapter 16 – Monitoring and Implementation Framework
The Development Plan provides a framework to guide and manage the sustainable development of County Kildare over the period to 2029, where it is anticipated that a substantial quantum of new homes and accompanying servicing infrastructure will come on stream throughout the county.
Under section 15 (1) of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended) Kildare County Council is statutorily obliged to take such steps within its powers to secure the objectives of the Development Plan. Furthermore, the draft Ministerial Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Development Plans issued under Section 28 of the Act, outline specific measures which the Council is required to undertake with regards to the monitoring and implementation of the provisions of the Development Plan.
Kildare County Council acknowledges that realising the vision set out in the Plan requires not only an ‘all of council’ approach in its implementation but also necessitates significant and sustained collaboration with all key stakeholders and actors including members of the public, sectoral interests, developers, statutory bodies and adjoining local authorities. In this regard, the Council commits to seeking a meaningful partnership with all interested parties in order to achieve the effective implementation of all policies and objectives contained in the Plan.
In order to implement a programme of monitoring, the Council has developed (Appendix 12) comprising a range of both quantitative and qualitative-based key performance indicators to provide an overall level of focus to the monitoring of the Plan. The key performance indicators are aligned to the Strategic Vision of the County Development Plan and the Overarching Principles that underpin its delivery.
The Implementation and Monitoring Framework categorises objectives contained in the Plan in terms of their contribution towards the achievement of the Development Plan Principles and identifies the section of the organisation responsible for implementing each objective. It then outlines key performance indicators applicable to the objective’s delivery. These indicators are broad-based, ranging from planning statistics to environmental, transport and economic data in nature, and are linked to the objectives’ associated actions and targets, where present.
Chapter 17 – Infrastructural Assessment
A key consideration in identifying locations for sustainable population growth and new development is the availability and capacity of existing or planned services. The National Planning Framework (in Appendix 3) sets out a tiered approach for zoning lands (TAZ), as follows:
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land, comprising lands that are able to connect to existing development services for which there is service capacity available and can therefore accommodate new development; and
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land, comprising lands that are not currently sufficiently serviced to support new development but have the potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan.
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Chapter 2 – Core Strategy & Settlement Strategy
The draft Core and Settlement Strategy set out an overarching growth strategy for the development of the county to 2029 and translate the strategic planning framework of the National Planning Framework (NPF), the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES) for the Eastern and Midland Region and the Specific Planning Policy Requirements specified in the Ministerial Guidelines under Section 28 of the Planning & Development Act 2000 (as amended), to county level.
The draft Core and Settlement Strategy seeks to support the implementation of the Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP), which includes the towns of Maynooth, Leixlip, Celbridge, and Kilcock; seeks to deliver sustainable regional development through the Key Towns of Naas and Maynooth; seeks to support rural areas with a network of towns and villages; and seeks to support the transition to low carbon, climate resilient communities and a healthy environment with high quality air and water.
The Core Strategy is a critical component of the Draft Plan with the purpose of articulating a medium-to-longer term quantitatively based strategy for the spatial development of the area of the planning authority. The central focus of the Core Strategy is on residential development and in ensuring that there is a suitable supply of zoned, serviced land for the projected demand for new housing, over the lifetime of the Plan. The Core Strategy is centred on a number of key principles including compact growth, urban regeneration and placemaking.
The draft Settlement Strategy identifies the ‘settlement hierarchy’ for the county, being the targeted distribution of housing and population within the development plan. The settlement hierarchy is the defining vision for how the county is likely to grow and develop over the lifetime of the development plan, with a clear set of spatial priorities identified. The settlement strategy of the plan is the means by which spatial choices are made and priorities expressed.
Chapter 3 – Housing
This chapter contains the housing strategy for the county, including rural housing, and in line with the settlement strategy (Chapter 2), seeks to secure the provision of new homes tailored to the needs of the existing and projected population. In this way, supporting an all-community approach, with better quality of life, more efficient use of land, and greater integration of infrastructure and services.
National and regional policy reinforces the need for ‘healthy placemaking’ and the delivery of well-designed, affordable, adaptable, infill and brownfield development close to existing services and facilities. The overall aim of the Housing for All – A New Housing Plan for Ireland (2021), is that everyone in Ireland should have access to sustainable, good quality housing to purchase or rent, at an affordable price, in the right location.
The preparation of a housing strategy is a mandatory requirement under the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended). The purpose of the strategy is to ensure that provision is made for the housing needs of the existing and future population of the plan area.
Chapter 3 / Housing Strategy is underpinned and supported by a Housing Need Demand Assessment (Appendix 1). The purpose of the Housing Need Demand Assessment is to assist local authorities to develop longer-term strategic views of housing need across all tenures; provide a robust evidence base to support decisions about new housing supply; inform policies about the proportion of social and affordable housing required; and to provide evidence to inform policies related to the provision of specialist housing and housing related services.
This chapter also contains policies and objectives for ‘Specialist Provision’, supporting the delivery of housing to meet the specific design and planning needs a number of groups, namely older people, children and young people, people with disabilities, ethnic minorities, the Traveller community and other emergency accommodation needs including those fleeing domestic violence.
This chapter also sets out the strategy and policy framework for rural housing in County Kildare. The National Planning Framework (NPF) and ‘Our Rural Future’, Ireland’s Rural Development Policy 2021-2025’, (DRCD, 2021) are clear in their support for the need to plan for sustainable communities and to reinforce our rural communities. The NPF sets out clear guidance and policy objectives relating to the future growth and development of rural areas across Ireland and recognises that there is a continuing need for housing provision for people to live and work in Ireland’s countryside.
Chapter 4 - Resilient Economy & Job Creation
The preparation of the 2023-2029 Draft Development Plan takes place within a period of significant economic flux. The Plan takes in the context of major challenges – the Covid-19 pandemic and recession, Brexit and climate change. It has never been more important to plan and prepare a roadmap for a resilient, sustainable economy. The Plan’s focus is on a smart recovery based on entrepreneurship and investment, cli-mate action and exploiting new opportunities. Covid-19 has ushered in a digital transformation in the way we work and communicate. Working from home has the potential to make a permanent impact on regenerating communities and to some extent town centres. For countless businesses, remote working practices will be part of their new norm, and smart co-working hubs need to be positioned throughout Kildare to provide structured, well connected, professional working environments. The Covid-19 pandemic has also altered the purchasing habits of many people. Businesses have had to accelerate the digitisation of their businesses or simply lose out. Many Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have had to undertake transformative digitalisation of their enterprises to adapt to this new business landscape, and for many, this is very much seen as their new business model.
Tourism and recreation make a positive contribution to the economic and social wellbeing of the county. Kildare’s close proximity to Dublin offers significant opportunities to expand the existing tourism offer and brand for the county. Kildare’s location, its rich built and natural heritage along with its horse racing and golfing attractions provide opportunities to attract spin-off tourism from the city region and neighbouring counties.
This Development Plan faces the challenge of responding proactively to circumstance and facilitating a built-in resilience and strength to the County’s economy through providing for attractive places to work and a broad employment base.
Chapter 5 - Sustainable Mobility & Transport
The transportation system caters for the movement of communities and businesses across County Kildare. National and regional transport policy recognises that current transport trends in Ireland and the Greater Dublin Area, in particular, in relation to current levels of car use, are unsustainable and that a transition towards more sustainable modes of transport, such as walking, cycling and public transport is required.
Kildare County Council recognises its important role as a local authority in increasing accessibility, promoting active travel modes and reducing car use by a variety of means and to better integrate land use and transportation planning. The Council, through this and other plans, will proactively engage with the National Transport Authority and other relevant transport agencies in seeking to achieve the above.
This draft County Development Plan (CDP) contains a series of sustainable transport goals, policies and objectives for healthy placemaking and sustainable movement that, over time, will achieve an increase in walking, cycling and use of public transport and a decrease in the use of the private car.
Chapter 6 - Infrastructure & Environmental Services
The availability of high-quality water, drainage infrastructure and environmental services are necessary to facilitate the sustainable development of the county and to
protect the environment.
While Irish Water is responsible for all aspects of public water services planning, delivery and operation, Kildare County Council, as an agent of Irish Water continues
to provide certain water services functions for County Kildare.
The Council is responsible for the management of surface water, with the Office of Public Works (OPW) having overarching responsibility for flood risk management. The Council also has a statutory role in regulating waste management and pollution in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in co-operation with Regional support organisations such as the Local Authority Waters Programme (LAWPRO) and the Waste Enforcement Regional Lead Authority (WERLA) offices.
It has and will continue to be a policy of the Council to support Irish Water and their role in relation to water supply and wastewater treatment, to manage surface water in a sustainable manner, to minimise waste in accordance with the principles of the circular economy approach and to provide flood protection measures and to reduce flood risk as far as possible.
Chapter 7 - Energy & Communications
Due to increased energy requirements and national and EU targets for energy consumption from renewable sources, our electricity supply must move away from fossil fuel sources to renewable and sustainable forms of generation. The Council recognises the range of new and developing technologies and supporting infrastructure that can contribute to minimising greenhouse gas emissions and to securing a greater proportion of our energy needs from renewable resources.
Kildare has a long history of energy production related predominantly to the commercial exploitation of peatlands. Kildare County Council recognises the potential economic benefit of a transition from fossil fuel-based energy production through to investment in renewable energy.
Irelands ‘Climate Action Plan 2019 – To Tackle Climate Breakdown’ represents the Government’s approach, aimed at enabling Ireland to meet its EU targets to reduce carbon emissions by 30 percent between 2021 and 2030 and lays the foundations for achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Kildare County Council adopted a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the county in 2019, which takes on the role as the primary instrument at local level to: ensure a proper comprehension of the key risks and vulnerabilities of climate change; bring forward the implementation of climate resilient actions in a planned and proactive manner; and ensure that climate adaptation considerations are mainstreamed into all plans and policies and integrated into all operations and functions of Kildare County Council.
Chapter 9 – Our Rural Environment
Rural areas across the county are facing many challenges, ranging from urban generated pressures in some areas to a declining and aging population in other areas, coupled with lack of access to infrastructure and new technologies. Other pressures include exploitation of natural resources ranging from the extractive / quarrying industry to diversification of uses on former cut-away bogs, energy production and distribution – wind farms, solar farms, strategic energy infrastructure – expansion of sub-stations, new transmission lines, battery storage facilities. These uses, although in some cases necessary, represent competing demands on the rural resource and while there are economic opportunities associated with these it requires very careful management.
A key challenge is to ensure that in planning for rural places, responses are uniquely tailored to recognise the balance required between managing urban generated demand in the most accessible rural areas (i.e., north of the county) whilst supporting the sustainable growth of rural communities and economies, including those facing decline (i.e., south of the county).
Traditional sectors such as agriculture, extractive industries, and forestry will be important in helping Kildare reach targets in relation to climate change and will play a vital role over the coming years and the period of this plan to help Ireland reach its climate targets particularly in relation to carbon storage, provision of renewable energy, reducing emissions, protection of water bodies and increasing biodiversity. Renewable energy production in the form of wind, solar, and biomass have to date been largely provided in rural areas and the location of future renewable energy production is likely to be met in rural areas
These sectors along with tourism will need to be complemented by diversification in areas such as food, renewable energy and opportunities provided from improved digital connectivity e.g., facilitating those in rural areas to work remotely. The agri-food, forestry, and tourism sectors play a significant role in Ireland’s rural economy. Kildare is well positioned to contribute more to the tourism sector with the development of greenways, blueways, and peatways providing an alternative visitor experience.
In summary several elements of the county’s rural economy will be promoted in this chapter including agriculture, equine, horticulture, forestry, boglands, and renewable energy together with the continued modernisation of the farming / food sector. In parallel, the quality of the rural environment will be enhanced and protected from inappropriate development and / or practices.
Community Services and Facilities
The provision of community, leisure and cultural facilities significantly enhances the quality of life of the citizens of Kildare and enhances the attractiveness of Kildare as a place to visit. While Kildare has a wide range of community services and facilities, the county’s young and growing population is placing considerable pressure on these services in many areas. The Council will seek to ensure that an appropriate range of facilities are provided in all communities taking account of the population profile and growth targets identified in the Core Strategy.
County Biodiversity Sites
Many sites of biodiversity value within the County do not meet the criteria that would enable them to be designated at an international or national level. However, these sites are of immense importance at a regional, county and local level. To date, they
have not been fully surveyed or recognised as such. In order to inform this process, the County Council has commissioned – and continues to commission – surveys of habitats such as hedgerows, wetlands and unimproved grassland.
Design Statements
This Plan advocates a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach to achieving high quality urban design and placemaking outcomes. A prerequisite for this is that development proposals are anchored in a comprehensive understanding of the form and character of the receiving environment. As such, it is considered that design statements are a vital tool which can assist all parties involved in the development management process in assessing the suitability of proposed design solutions for specific sites.
Development proposals affecting archaeology
Various types of development can impact on the visual appreciation, setting and amenity of recorded monuments. Such impacts should be adequately assessed and, where possible, eliminated or minimised. Previously unidentified archaeological sites may be uncovered during development works, while archaeological deposits that would be damaged by development must be investigated and recorded in great detail. Any proposed development (due to its location, size or nature) with the potential to affect the archaeological heritage resource will be subject to an Archaeological Impact Assessment. This includes proposals close to archaeological monuments, proposals extensive in area (half a hectare or more) or length (1 km or more), and development that requires an Environmental Impact Assessment. Other areas of high archaeological potential may exist outside the boundaries of conventionally recognised monuments, especially graveyards and monastic sites, in wetlands, former
wetlands and in the inter-tidal zone, which may also require the preparation of Archaeological Impact Assessments.
Devising the Settlement Strategy
The targeted distribution of housing and population within the development plan of a city or county council, is referred to in the Planning Act as the ‘settlement hierarchy’. The Settlement Hierarchy details the key locations/settlements where development will take place. The Act requires that a designation be given to a city or town in the area of the development plan, with a population that exceeded 1,500 persons in the most recent census of population. Designations should be made on the basis of the role and function of each settlement consistent with the asset-based approach of the RSES and the potential for economic and social development. Assessments shall be in compliance with policy directives of the Minister issued under Section 29 and have regard to guidelines issued by the Minister under Section 28 or take account of any relevant policies or objectives of the Government, the Minister or any other Minister of the Government, as the case may be.
EMRA Regional Spatial & Economic Strategy (RSES) 2019-2031
The RSES recognises that the retail sector is a significant employer and economic contributor in the Region and plays a key role in placemaking. The Strategy also acknowledges that as a significant attractor it enables the creation of strong mixeduse commercial cores and can play a key role in the regeneration of areas. The RSES outlines the retail hierarchy for the region.
The RSES provides the basis for the integration of land use and transport planning in the Region. In conjunction with the NTA and other agencies the RSES identifies Guiding Principles for the Integration of Land Use and Transportation which promotes, in the first instance, the location of larger scale, trip intensive developments, including retail, into central urban locations.
Economic Development and Climate Action
Climate change, sustainable development and the green economy are now central policy concerns for the international and national community, forming a central role to the strategy of the IDA and Enterprise Ireland. The transition to a low carbon and climate resilient society is also a national strategic outcome of the National Planning Framework (NPF). It is therefore vital that the Development Plan realises its role in the delivery of the green economy. The compact growth approach taken in this Development Plan, with its potential for helping to achieve climate action targets at local and national level, applies not just to residential development but also to economic development within the County.
Environmental Assessments for Proposed Material Alterations to Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
General Development Standards
Site coverage standards are intended to avoid the adverse effects of over-development particularly in urban areas thereby safeguarding sunlight and daylight within or adjoining a proposed layout of buildings. Site coverage relates to the percentage of the development site covered by buildings and structures (excluding the public roads and footpaths) and is calculated using the formula below:
The maximum site coverage shall be 50% for residential development, 75% for industrial and 66% for retail and commercial development. Within town centre zones, the maximum site coverage shall be 80% for all development. Higher site coverage may be permissible in certain limited circumstances such as:
adjacent to public transport corridors
to facilitate areas identified for regeneration purposes
areas where an appropriate mix of both residential and commercial uses are proposed.
These site coverage standards shall be acceptable only where consistent with other standards such as open space requirements, car parking, plot ratio, building lines and building heights, fire safety and building regulations together with the amenity of adjoining dwellings / properties.
In considering applications for redevelopment of existing sites, due regard will be given to the established site coverage.
Healthy Place Making
The Retail Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area (GDA) for the period from 2008 to 2016, which includes County Kildare, remains the most current strategy. The RSES recognises that certain thresholds set out in the Strategy were prepared in a different economic climate and in many cases have yet to be reached. In this regard, EMRA will support and drive the preparation of a new retail strategy for the Region under the requirements of the Retail Planning Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2012, or any subsequent update, in order to update this hierarchy and apply floorspace requirements for the Region’.
In accordance with the Retail Planning Guidelines, it is sufficient to state the general retail function appropriate to each settlement along with a general statement of additional retail development requirements. In the absence of a new Retail Strategy for the GDA, this approach has been adopted for the Kildare County Development Plan.
Housing Strategy
The preparation of a Housing Strategy is a mandatory requirement under the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended). The purpose of the strategy is to ensure that provision is made for the housing needs of the existing and future population of the plan area. Section 94(3) of the Act stipulates that the housing strategy shall take into account:
The existing need and likely future need for housing for the purposes of the provision of social housing support and; of housing for eligible households, both within the meaning of the Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions Act) 2009
The need to ensure that housing is available for persons who have different levels of income
The need to ensure that a mixture of house types and sizes is developed to reasonably match the requirements of the different categories of households, as may be determined by the planning authority, and including the special requirements of older people and persons with disabilities, and
The need to counteract undue segregation in housing between persons of different social backgrounds.
Housing Supply
The Core Strategy outlines a housing supply target of approximately 9,144 housing units for the county to the end of 2028, being the end of the Plan period. Chapter 2 sets out growth targets for towns, villages, settlements and rural areas during the Plan period. Growth is directed based on the status of the town or settlement within the settlement hierarchy and the capacity of physical and social infrastructure and the environment to accommodate growth. The Plan will support consolidation through infill development and the redevelopment of areas that are in need of renewal and the sustainable extension of established urban areas.
Industrial archaeology
In 2007, an Industrial Archaeology Survey of County Kildare was commissioned by Kildare County Council on behalf of the County Kildare Heritage Forum, as an action of the County Kildare Heritage Plan. The project collated all paper-based information relating to industrial heritage sites in the County. The project outputs were a report outlining approximately 2,462 features of industrial heritage interest in an accompanying database and a digital map of the recorded locations. When considering development proposals that may affect sites identified in the Kildare Industrial Archaeology Survey (2007), the Council will require an Industrial
Archaeology Assessment.
Infrastructure Strategy
The Council recognises the importance of the continued development of sustainable wastewater, water supply, and drainage services in the county to facilitate economic development and to provide a high quality of life for a growing population.
Alleviation of flood risk and the consequences of flooding including the provision of Flood Management Systems throughout the county is also a key component of the
County’s Infrastructure strategy.
Kildare 2025 (Economic Development Strategy)
Kildare 2025 is the County’s Economic Development Strategy, outlining a roadmap for attracting new investment, sustaining existing industry and enterprises and ensuring long-term and sustainable growth for Kildare. It was adopted in 2021 and outlines a longer-term economic vision for County Kildare. It informs and provides a strategic policy framework for Kildare’s Local Economic and Community Plan (LCEP) and County Development Plan. It is the intention of the Council to produce five-year stra- tegic plans to guide economic development and investment up to 2040 commencing with this period up to 2025. The Kildare 2025 Economic Development Strategy aligns with the National Planning Framework (NPF) Project Ireland 2040 and the Eastern and Midland Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES).
Kildare LCDC & Kildare LECP 2016-2021
The Kildare Local Community Development Committee (LCDC) was established following the Local Government Reform Act in 2014 and brings together members and officials of Kildare County Council, representatives from other agencies, community representatives and representatives from civil society to secure the participation of all stakeholders and contribute to building a joined-up approach to the development of local and community development in Kildare.
The 2014 Act also requires local authorities to prepare an integrated Local Economic and Community Plan (LECP), which identifies objectives and actions for strengthening economic and community development in the county. The Kildare LECP 2016-2021 was adopted in December 2015 and ensures that relevant community and economic
elements will be implemented in an integrated way. While the LECP provides the framework for this development, the County Development Plan provides the spatial strategy for the realisation of these objectives and actions.
Landscape Character Assessment
In 2004, a Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) of the county was undertaken. The LCA focused on characterisation i.e. the discernment of the character of the landscape based on its land cover and landform, but also on its values, such as historical, cultural, religious and other understandings of the landscape. It concentrates on the distinctiveness of different landscapes and on the sensitivity of that landscape to development. Map 13.1 outlines the indicative Landscape Character Areas of the county.
Methodology
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Methodology
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Methodology
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Methodology
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework
When formulating various policies and objectives the Council was conscious of its capacity to be effectively monitored and evaluated over the life of the Plan. It therefore sought to maximise the number of quantitative objectives which are more easily measurable using a simple metric. Where possible, this was achieved through the setting out of a specific supporting action or target. However, in many cases this was not possible with the result that many objectives are qualitative in nature. Examples in this regard include objectives supporting ‘green and blueway projects that promote walking and cycling’ and the requirement for ‘a high standard of urban design to be integrated into the design and layout of all new development’. It is noted that such objectives require specific criteria-based indicators in order to effectively measure their performance.
Monitoring and Reporting on the Development Plan
As part of the obligation to continuously monitor the implementation of the Development Plan, the Council intends to put the necessary structures in place to ensure the achievement of its key objectives. Upon the adoption of the Plan, the Development Plan Team will be recalibrated to ensure the Plan’s implementation, through facilitation and pro-active engagement with project partners (i.e., state and semi-state bodies), active land management, plan monitoring and reporting. These relate to both statutory obligations contained in the Act and the additional provisions of the draft Development Management Guidelines, as outlined in Figure 16.1 below.
National Planning Framework 2040
There are several objectives within the National Planning Framework (NPF) which relate to rural development. These are referred to as National Policy Objective’s (NPO’s).
The NPF objectives of most relevance to this chapter primarily address climate change and sustainability whilst maintaining and protecting the natural landscape and built heritage which are vital to rural tourism and supporting / facilitating the delivery of the National Broadband Plan.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Non-Tiered Land
Areas that do not meet the criteria of either Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land or Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land because sequentially they are located too far away from the social infrastructure located within the settlement centre (i.e. the shops, schools, GPs, creches etc.). Physical infrastructure (i.e. pathways, wastewater treatment etc.) is unlikely to be provided over the life of this Development Plan and/or environmental considerations (i.e. flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.). These areas are likely to be
unzoned and lie outside the Settlement boundary. If an area within the settlement boundary does not meet the criteria of either Tiers 1 or 2 it may be zoned (F) Open Space and Amenity or (I) Agricultural.
Objectives:
It is an objective of the Council to:
Liaise with community and economic stakeholders to promote the sustainable development of economic and community services and infrastructure in the county, in accordance with the objectives and actions set out in the Kildare LECP 2016-2021 (or any subsequent replacement).
Make provision, through appropriate land use zoning in the CDP settlement plans and Local Area Plans to deliver community infrastructure, supports and services in a planned and co-ordinated manner within the county.
Utilise the Kildare LECP Baseline Report (2015), and any subsequent update of this evidence base, to inform the development of policies, objectives, and actions for the delivery of community facilities and services within Local Area Plans and planning schemes.
Support and promote volunteerism through participation in the Public Participation Network (PPN) structure by supporting the work of the Kildare Volunteer Centre.
Overarching Goals, Policies and Objectives
A sustainable transport system is one that is accessible, safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable. (ECMT 2004) This definition indicates the need for a balance between social, economic, and environmental goals, policies and objectives. Although Figure 5.1 below fits each goal into a specific category, they often overlap. Generally, pollution is considered an environmental issue, however it also affects human health (social issue), and the tourism industry (economic issue). The Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 is committed to focussing on the need to underpin the planning process with an integrated approach to sustainable transport. Integrated land-use and transportation has a key role to play in delivering social, economic and environmental sustainability.
Plan Implementation
The Development Plan provides a framework to guide and manage the sustainable development of Co. Kildare over the period to 2029, where it is anticipated that a substantial quantum of new homes and accompanying servicing infrastructure will come on stream throughout the county. This is particularly important as it is acknowledged that many areas of the county have witnessed rapid and prolonged periods of growth without the delivery of adequate, supporting social and community infrastructure. The Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy 2019-2031 (RSES) recognises this issue and states that measures should be taken to ensure ‘catch-up’ investment to promote consolidation and improvement in the sustainability of those areas.
The Council will provide a leadership role in the implementation of the Development Plan to influence, persuade, secure the timely delivery of both servicing and community infrastructure when and where it is needed to support the growth and development proposed, and for locations in which it has yet to be provided.
Planning Policy Context
Development Plan policies and objectives relating to economic development, job creation and business innovation must be consistent with national and regional planning policy as set out in the National Planning Framework (2018) (NPF) and the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (2019) (RSES). National Strategic Outcome 5 of the NPF seeks a strong economy for the country supported by enterprise, innovation and skills. It is recognised that this fully depends on creating places that can foster enterprise and innovations and attract investment and talent. Similarly, Strategic Outcome 3 seeks strengthened rural economies and communities.
Policy Context
A development plan shall, as far as practicable, be consistent with the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended), national plans, policies and strategies which relate to the proper planning and sustainable development of land.
Policy Context
A development plan shall, as far as practicable, be consistent with the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended), national plans, policies and strategies which relate to the proper planning and sustainable development of land.
Profile of County Kildare
Kildare is an inland county covering an area of 169,550 hectares. It occupies a strategic position within the Eastern Region of the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly and also forms part of the Greater Dublin Area (GDA). Kildare is both a significant population base and a significant residential base within the State with the eighth largest household stock nationally. The county has grown more that 71% in the last 20 years.
Profile of County Kildare
Kildare is an inland county covering an area of 169,550 hectares. It occupies a strategic position within the Eastern Region of the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly and also forms part of the Greater Dublin Area (GDA). Kildare is both a significant population base and a significant residential base within the State with the eighth largest household stock nationally. The county has grown more that 71% in the last 20 years.
Project Ireland 2040 National Planning Framework (NPF)
One of the main National Strategic Outcomes (NSO) in the NPF prioritises the concept of ‘Compact Growth’ and to avoid the further sprawl of urban development, which is a key is a top priority in this Plan. The regeneration of existing building stock and/or use of underutilised/brownfield sites within existing urban centres is framed as the best location for future growth.
Project Ireland 2040: National Planning Framework (NPF)
The National Planning Framework (NPF) is the Government’s high-level strategic plan for shaping the future growth and development of the country to the year 2040. The NPF sets out ten National and Strategic Outcomes and 75 National Policy Objectives. The purpose of the NPF is to enable all parts of Ireland, whether rural or urban, to successfully accommodate growth and change, by facilitating a shift towards Ireland’s regions and cities other than Dublin, while also recognising Dublin’s ongoing key role.
Proposed Material Alterations to Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
Proposed Material Alterations to Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
A key consideration in identifying locations for sustainable population growth and new development is the availability and capacity of existing or planned services. The National Planning Framework (in Appendix 3) sets out a tiered approach for zoning lands (TAZ), as follows:
Protected Habitats and species outside Designated Areas
County Kildare supports a range of plant, animal and bird species which are deemed to be rare and threatened under European and Irish legislation and which are known to exist outside of designated sites such as Natura 2000 sites or Natural Heritage Areas. This includes nationally rare plants, plants listed in the Red Data Lists of Irish Plants, Flora (Protection) Order of 2015 (or other such Orders) and their habitats and animals, and birds listed in the Wildlife Acts of 1976-2012 and subsequent statutory instruments.
Public Transport
Approximately 14% of trips originating in County Kildare are by public transport. Levels of public transport use vary significantly across the county. While trips to Dublin are reasonably well catered for by both bus and rail services, most of the county’s workforce (64) live and work within the county. The use of public transport is particularly low in areas where it is difficult to reach services by foot and where services are infrequent or removed from employment areas. Therefore, this plan will particularly focus on supporting improvements to intra-county public transport services.
Rural Economy & Rural Enterprise
It is important to recognise that there is a role for rural employment in contributing to the general economic development of the county. In rural areas of the county there is a need to balance social and economic activity with the protection of the environment and character of the rural landscape. The rural employment base should encourage diversification of the rural economy, by promoting economic growth in towns, villages and settlements to support local populations, by facilitating stronger rural based activities including tourism and leisure activities and encouraging more appropriate forms of rural development.
The development of rural enterprise and employment opportunities will be vital to sustaining the rural economy. Employment servicing the rural areas should in general be directed to local employment centres, small towns and villages catering for local
investment and small-scale industry. Other land uses such as housing while not encouraged may be considered in the rural countryside. If land is not within an identified settlement and is not otherwise zoned as part of this Plan, or any Local Area Plan, the use of such land shall be deemed to be primarily agriculture.
Scenic Routes and Protected Views
Scenic routes provide views of the landscape of the county and many built and archaeological features. In addition to scenic routes there are a number of protected views throughout the county. These are located particularly along water corridors and to and from the hills in the countryside. Scenic routes and protected views consist of important and valued views and prospects within the county. These scenic routes, hilltop views and scenic viewpoints are listed in Table 13.5, 13.6 and 13.7 below and their locations can be seen on Map 13.3.
Scenic Routes and Protected Views
Scenic routes provide views of the landscape of the county and many built and archaeological features. In addition to scenic routes there are a number of protected views throughout the county. These are located particularly along water corridors and to and from the hills in the countryside. Scenic routes and protected views consist of important and valued views and prospects within the county. These scenic routes, hilltop views and scenic viewpoints are listed in Table 13.5, 13.6 and 13.7 below and their locations can be seen on Map 13.3.
Social Housing Projects
Kildare County Council will continue to meet social housing needs via a combination of these existing delivery schemes as set out above and through the introduction or greater emphasis of other existing or recently established schemes and mechanisms. This section assesses progress to date in County Kildare in achieving recent targets for social housing delivery as set out in the Rebuilding Ireland: Action Plan for Housing and Homelessness (replaced in September 2021 by Housing for All – A New Housing Plan for Ireland (2021).
Sustainable Movement
Ireland has set a target to develop a low/near zero carbon emission transport network by 2050. This plan will prioritise active modes of travel and the use of public transport to provide for the sustainable movement of people and goods in a way that aims for maximum impact on the national transition to net zero carbon by 2050. Heavy rail has a pivotal role to play based on the unique ability of electrified rail services to move large numbers of people quickly and safely.
Sustainable Rural Housing
The NPF and ‘Our Rural Future’, Ireland’s Rural Development Policy 2021-2025’, (DRCD, 2021) are clear in their support for the need to plan for sustainable communities and to reinforce our rural communities. These transformative national policy documents set out that this will be achieved through attracting new and existing residents to live in rural areas, to encourage and promote the reuse of vacant homes and to make provision for housing in the countryside for those who demonstrate a need to live in our rural areas.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land
Areas zoned (A) Town/Village Centre and (B) Existing / Infill Residential fall within the definition of Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land. These zoned areas are able to connect to existing development services like road and footpath access including public lighting, foul sewer drainage, surface water drainage and water supply, for which there is service capacity available, and can therefore accommodate new development. Furthermore, these zoned lands will generally be positioned within the existing built-up footprint of a settlement or contiguous to existing developed lands.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land
Areas zoned (Q) Enterprise and Employment, (H) Industry and Employment (C) New Residential and (D) Serviced Sites fall within the definition of Tier 2 Serviceable Zoned Land. These zoned areas are not sufficiently serviced to support new development currently but have potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan. While these zoned areas are positioned within the existing built-up footprint
of a settlement, sequentially they may be located further from the centre of settlements when compared to Tier 1 Serviced Zoned Land.
Trees, Woodlands and Hedgerows
County Kildare’s hedgerow network is a huge asset to the county, being valuable in terms of agriculture, landscape, wild flora and fauna, water quality, carbon sequestration and employment. Hedgerows are also a valuable component of Ireland’s cultural and natural heritage. Most Irish hedgerows were planted during the 18th and 19th centuries, following Acts of Parliament obliging landowners to erect permanent boundaries between their properties. Hedgerows along townland boundaries often date from medieval times or even earlier, with some boundaries dating back to the Bronze Age bank-and-ditch enclosures. Older hedges made up of native trees and shrubs, tend to have greater value in wildlife and heritage terms, having larger banks and ditches and being richer in species diversity.
Urban Design
Urban design is the art of creating and shaping built environments. It involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, and social infrastructure. It is both a process and an outcome of creating communities in which people live, connect with each other, and engage with the physical place around them. Urban design operates at many different scales, ranging from the macro level of the urban structure (planning, transport and green infrastructure networks) to the micro level of street furniture and lighting.
Volume 2
Volume 2 deals specifically with small towns, environs, villages and settlements and shall have a key economic and social function within the settlement hierarchy of the Plan.
In order to develop thriving areas where people want to live and work, the overall objective of Volume 2 is to;
(i) support the sustainable growth of our small towns, villages and settlements,
(ii)support appropriate local employment opportunities and economic activity,
(iii) build on each areas unique character and natural assets.
Investing in key areas to support regeneration such as town centre renewal, social infrastructure and physical infrastructure is key in supporting the growth and viability of the county’s local centres.
For the purpose of Volume 2 the towns of Kilcullen, Sallins and Clane shall not be included as part of the Small Towns as a Local Area Plan has been prepared for each of these settlements. All other towns, villages and settlements, as identified in the County Kildare Settlement Hierarchy, shall be included in Volume 2. The Blessington and Ladytown Environs Plans are also included in Volume 2.
Waste Disposal and Recovery
In assessing development proposals for, or including, waste recovery / disposal facilities, the Planning Authority will have regard to the provisions of the Eastern-Midlands Region Waste Management Plan 2015-2021 or any superseding document, planning legislation, the County Development Plan policies as set out in Chapter 6 and other relevant planning documents.
The provision of waste recovery facilities, pre-treatment infrastructure and development of indigenous secondary waste processing, including Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Waste Transfer Stations will be facilitated at appropriate locations within the County.
Larger scale proposals for waste recovery / disposal facilities are considered by An Bord Pleanála through the Strategic Infrastructure Development (SID) process. The Planning Authority will contribute to the SID process on relevant proposals.
Wastewater Services
Irish Water is responsible for the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater throughout the county. According to Census 2016, almost 73% of households in Kildare were served by public sewerage connections, while almost 23% had septic tanks or other individual treatment systems.
The largest wastewater treatment plants in Kildare are located at Leixlip, (serving Kilcock, Maynooth, Celbridge, Leixlip, and Straffan) and Osberstown (serving Naas, Newbridge, Kilcullen, Athgarvan, Prosperous, Sallins, Clane, and Kill). While there are smaller plants located in Athy, Kildare, Monasterevin, Castledermot, Robertstown and Ballymore Eustace among others serving their local catchments.
Water Services
Irish Water’s ‘Water Services Strategic Plan’ (2015) (WSSP) sets out strategic objectives for the delivery of water services up to 2040.
The WSSP identifies current and future challenges regarding the provision of water services and identified priorities to be tackled in the short to medium term. Objectives include ensuring a safe and reliable water supply and providing effective management of wastewater. Specific priorities include delivery of improved services, remediation of drinking water quality problems, complying with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, reducing leakage and catering for growth.
Chapter 1 – Introduction & Strategic Context
The Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 is the key strategy document which structures the proper planning and sustainable development of land-use across County Kildare over the six-year statutory time period of the plan.
The Development Plan (the Plan) sets out the strategy to co-ordinate and prioritise areas of population growth capable of accommodating up to c. 25,000 people by 2029, and in doing so the Plan seeks to address the physical, economic, social and environmental needs of the community, in terms of supporting structured new development, protecting the environment, enhancing valued assets and amenities. A key focus of the Plan is to develop a county that is resilient to climate change, plans for and adapts to climate change and facilitates a low carbon future.
The preparation of the Plan has regard to key recent development trends and national, regional and local policy documents, in particular, the National Planning Framework (NPF) and the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES) for the Eastern and Midland Region.
The Plan consists of a Written Statement supported by Maps and Appendices, prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Planning & Development Act 2000 (as amended), and once adopted, the Plan will replace the Kildare County Development Plan 2017-2023 (including Variation 1).
Chapter 10 – Community Infrastructure & Creative Places
Social infrastructure, community facilities and community development are vital to the creation of sustainable communities and supporting a healthy lifestyle. Access to sports, play and recreational facilities are crucial to our health and wellbeing. Essential services such as healthcare, childcare, education, culture and the arts all have a significant role to play in our quality of life. These services and facilities should ideally be located within each town/village to provide easy access and optimise the opportunity for people to walk or cycle to them.
Community/social infrastructure for the purposes of this chapter includes community centres/halls, libraries, cultural facilities, places of worship, burial grounds, schools, childcare facilities, healthcare facilities, playgrounds, sports and other recreational facilities. Public open space/parks which are also important aspects of community infrastructure are considered in Chapter 14 of this Plan, ‘Landscape, Recreation and Amenity’.
The Council will seek to provide, where possible/feasible and within its remit, community infrastructure that meets the social and recreational requirements of each town/village in County Kildare. The Council will also work closely with relevant stakeholders to facilitate and support the provision of such community infrastructure in town/village centres and in residential and employment areas to optimise access, function and use. Shared use and co-location of facilities is encouraged to align service provision, use land more efficiently and facilitate opportunities for further inclusion and community participation.
Chapter 11 – Built and Cultural Heritage
County Kildare has a rich and diverse heritage, which includes landscapes, countryside, archaeological sites and the built environment of towns and villages. Heritage is integral to the identity of any county. It provides the county with a strong sense of place, character, and distinctiveness. Heritage protection is an integral part of sustainable development, it has environmental and quality of life benefits and brings significant economic benefits.
Much of our built heritage is clustered in our towns, and the restoration and re-use of derelict or under-used buildings can provide for a variety of innovative uses, such as housing, education, arts, and cultural spaces. While the active use of built heritage is a key element for the revitalisation of our town centres, the protection and conservation of buildings, structures and their settings, as protected structures, and archaeological monuments, will continue to be a key element in built heritage policy.
Chapter 12 – Biodiversity & Green Infrastructure
Biodiversity has intrinsic value, with each species having a value and a right to exist. It is important because all of life is interconnected and functions as part of a complex ecosystem, with a multitude of inter-dependencies required for species survival and well-being. The health of the planet depends on the health of our biodiversity and humans rely on biodiversity for food, clean air and water, healthy soils, clothing and building materials, as well as for medicines and places in which to unwind and reconnect with nature. Biodiversity underpins important economic sectors such as agriculture and tourism and provides many other benefits. A Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss Emergency was declared by the Irish Government in May 2019 and Kildare County Council declared a Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss Emergency in June 2019. This chapter outlines many important sites within Kildare that contain rich biodiversity and are protected such as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs), Wetlands, Ramsar Sites and Nature Reserves.
Green Infrastructure is broadly defined as “a strategically planned and managed network featuring areas with high quality biodiversity (uplands, wetlands, peatlands, rivers and coast), farmed and wooded lands and other green spaces that conserve ecosystem values which provide essential services to society” (Comhar, 2010). Green Infrastructure can include parks, open spaces, rivers, farmland, playing fields, woodlands, allotments, and private gardens which surround and intersperse our towns and villages. Individually, each Green Infrastructure site has an important role and benefit in both urban and rural areas which can be strengthened and enhanced when the sites are linked together into a network of Green Infrastructure. Many social, economic, and environmental benefits can be achieved especially when the Green Infrastructure is proximate to where people live and work.
Chapter 13 – Landscape, Recreation & Amenity
Landscape embraces all that is visible when one looks across an area of land. As well as being an important part of people’s lives, giving individuals a sense of identity and belonging, landscape is the context in which all changes take place. The natural diversity of the landscape, coupled with human interaction in the form of introduced features such as hedgerows, woodlands, archaeological monuments, settlements, and buildings, all serve to give Kildare its distinctive characteristic landscape. All development which takes place has the ability to impact on this landscape, positively and negatively. Any new development or building has the ability to either enhance or detract from the environment. It is essential therefore that the landscape is protected and managed in a sustainable and coherent manner.
Recreation and amenity areas within the county include natural, recreational, and sporting amenities as well as social and community infrastructure. These facilities provide many cultural, social, economic, and environmental benefits and provide a positive contribution towards quality of life. The provision of a range of amenities which can cater for the demands of an increasing population, and which will be accessible for all sectors and age groups of the population is a central element in the delivery of sustainable communities.
Chapter 14 – Urban Design, Placemaking & Regeneration
Kildare is becoming an increasingly urbanised county, a trend that is anticipated to continue over the coming decades and one which the plan must address in order to focus on the needs of current and future residents of the county. As such, its network of settlements, its towns and villages, are the focus of ongoing growth and expansion.
It is recognised that settlements need to successfully accommodate and integrate new development whilst also maintaining and enhancing the character and viability of their historic centres. This is considered to be a critical element central to the retention of their overall identity, and key to providing both new and existing communities with ‘a sense of place’ and belonging.
Urban design is the art of creating and shaping built environments. It involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, and social infrastructure. It is both a process and an outcome of creating communities in which people live, connect with each other, and engage with the physical place around them.
Placemaking is a particular aspect of urban design which focuses on how public spaces can best be designed and managed in order to enhance the connections between people and these places. The concept of placemaking is very much people-centred and looks to the needs, aspirations and desires of the community.
‘Healthy placemaking’, which is cited by the RSES as a ‘growth enabler’ for the region, seeks to improve the design and functionality of settlements so that healthy activities and experiences are integral to people’s everyday lives. In practical terms, this means promoting and implementing active travel and neighbourhood design policies that encourage physical activity, increase opportunities for social interaction and strengthen mental health, thereby enhancing overall quality of life and wellbeing
Town centres are considered to have a critical role in the realisation of compact growth and low carbon development in the county, where historic cores have the capacity to accommodate substantial quantities of new homes either by the utilisation of living opportunities within existing vacant buildings or through brownfield/backland development. The Programme for Government (2020) recognised the need for and committed to, the development of a strategic approach to town centre regeneration that would maximise the impact of the Government’s considerable investment in urban regeneration. On foot of this, ‘Town Centre First – A Policy Approach for Irish Towns’ was published in February 2022, which seeks to take an overarching and coordinated approach to town centre regeneration.
Chapter 15 - Development Management Standards
Development management is a statutory process that ensures that development takes place in an orderly and efficient manner. Specific control measures are outlined to ensure that new development is of high quality and relates to the character, scale, layout, and form of the area in question. Development will be managed by means of established and proven principles aided by guiding standards, in particular guidelines issued to the planning authority by the Minister regarding its functions, under Section 28 of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended).
There is an obligation on the Council to ensure that permissions granted under the Planning Acts are consistent with the policies and objectives set out in this Plan. This chapter focuses on the general planning standards and design criteria that will be applied by the council to ensure that future development is in accordance with these policies and objectives.
The granting of planning permission does not in itself enable development to commence. There may be other legal and procedural requirements to consider, including property title, building regulations, public health acts, fire regulations, air and water pollution legislation.
Chapter 16 – Monitoring and Implementation Framework
The Development Plan provides a framework to guide and manage the sustainable development of County Kildare over the period to 2029, where it is anticipated that a substantial quantum of new homes and accompanying servicing infrastructure will come on stream throughout the county.
Under section 15 (1) of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended) Kildare County Council is statutorily obliged to take such steps within its powers to secure the objectives of the Development Plan. Furthermore, the draft Ministerial Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Development Plans issued under Section 28 of the Act, outline specific measures which the Council is required to undertake with regards to the monitoring and implementation of the provisions of the Development Plan.
Kildare County Council acknowledges that realising the vision set out in the Plan requires not only an ‘all of council’ approach in its implementation but also necessitates significant and sustained collaboration with all key stakeholders and actors including members of the public, sectoral interests, developers, statutory bodies and adjoining local authorities. In this regard, the Council commits to seeking a meaningful partnership with all interested parties in order to achieve the effective implementation of all policies and objectives contained in the Plan.
In order to implement a programme of monitoring, the Council has developed an Implementation and Monitoring Framework (Appendix 12) comprising a range of both quantitative and qualitative-based key performance indicators to provide an overall level of focus to the monitoring of the Plan. The key performance indicators are aligned to the Strategic Vision of the County Development Plan and the Overarching Principles that underpin its delivery.
The Implementation and Monitoring Framework categorises objectives contained in the Plan in terms of their contribution towards the achievement of the Development Plan Principles and identifies the section of the organisation responsible for implementing each objective. It then outlines key performance indicators applicable to the objective’s delivery. These indicators are broad-based, ranging from planning statistics to environmental, transport and economic data in nature, and are linked to the objectives’ associated actions and targets, where present.
Chapter 17 – Infrastructural Assessment
A key consideration in identifying locations for sustainable population growth and new development is the availability and capacity of existing or planned services. The National Planning Framework (in Appendix 3) sets out a tiered approach for zoning lands (TAZ), as follows:
Tier 1: Serviced Zoned Land, comprising lands that are able to connect to existing development services for which there is service capacity available and can therefore accommodate new development; and
Tier 2: Serviceable Zoned Land, comprising lands that are not currently sufficiently serviced to support new development but have the potential to become fully serviced within the life of the plan.
All sites that were undeveloped and within or contiguous to existing settlement boundaries were examined. The suitability of lands were considered on the basis of compact growth, sequential development, connectivity to village/settlement centres, availability (inc. capacity) and access to physical and social infrastructure and environmental considerations such as flood risk, proximity to SACs etc.
Chapter 2 – Core Strategy & Settlement Strategy
The draft Core and Settlement Strategy set out an overarching growth strategy for the development of the county to 2029 and translate the strategic planning framework of the National Planning Framework (NPF), the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES) for the Eastern and Midland Region and the Specific Planning Policy Requirements specified in the Ministerial Guidelines under Section 28 of the Planning & Development Act 2000 (as amended), to county level.
The draft Core and Settlement Strategy seeks to support the implementation of the Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP), which includes the towns of Maynooth, Leixlip, Celbridge, and Kilcock; seeks to deliver sustainable regional development through the Key Towns of Naas and Maynooth; seeks to support rural areas with a network of towns and villages; and seeks to support the transition to low carbon, climate resilient communities and a healthy environment with high quality air and water.
The Core Strategy is a critical component of the Draft Plan with the purpose of articulating a medium-to-longer term quantitatively based strategy for the spatial development of the area of the planning authority. The central focus of the Core Strategy is on residential development and in ensuring that there is a suitable supply of zoned, serviced land for the projected demand for new housing, over the lifetime of the Plan. The Core Strategy is centred on a number of key principles including compact growth, urban regeneration and placemaking.
The draft Settlement Strategy identifies the ‘settlement hierarchy’ for the county, being the targeted distribution of housing and population within the development plan. The settlement hierarchy is the defining vision for how the county is likely to grow and develop over the lifetime of the development plan, with a clear set of spatial priorities identified. The settlement strategy of the plan is the means by which spatial choices are made and priorities expressed.
Chapter 3 – Housing
This chapter contains the housing strategy for the county, including rural housing, and in line with the settlement strategy (Chapter 2), seeks to secure the provision of new homes tailored to the needs of the existing and projected population. In this way, supporting an all-community approach, with better quality of life, more efficient use of land, and greater integration of infrastructure and services.
National and regional policy reinforces the need for ‘healthy placemaking’ and the delivery of well-designed, affordable, adaptable, infill and brownfield development close to existing services and facilities. The overall aim of the Housing for All – A New Housing Plan for Ireland (2021), is that everyone in Ireland should have access to sustainable, good quality housing to purchase or rent, at an affordable price, in the right location.
The preparation of a housing strategy is a mandatory requirement under the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended). The purpose of the strategy is to ensure that provision is made for the housing needs of the existing and future population of the plan area.
Chapter 3 / Housing Strategy is underpinned and supported by a Housing Need Demand Assessment (Appendix 1). The purpose of the Housing Need Demand Assessment is to assist local authorities to develop longer-term strategic views of housing need across all tenures; provide a robust evidence base to support decisions about new housing supply; inform policies about the proportion of social and affordable housing required; and to provide evidence to inform policies related to the provision of specialist housing and housing related services.
This chapter also contains policies and objectives for ‘Specialist Provision’, supporting the delivery of housing to meet the specific design and planning needs a number of groups, namely older people, children and young people, people with disabilities, ethnic minorities, the Traveller community and other emergency accommodation needs including those fleeing domestic violence.
This chapter also sets out the strategy and policy framework for rural housing in County Kildare. The National Planning Framework (NPF) and ‘Our Rural Future’, Ireland’s Rural Development Policy 2021-2025’, (DRCD, 2021) are clear in their support for the need to plan for sustainable communities and to reinforce our rural communities. The NPF sets out clear guidance and policy objectives relating to the future growth and development of rural areas across Ireland and recognises that there is a continuing need for housing provision for people to live and work in Ireland’s countryside.
Chapter 4 - Resilient Economy & Job Creation
The preparation of the 2023-2029 Draft Development Plan takes place within a period of significant economic flux. The Plan takes in the context of major challenges – the Covid-19 pandemic and recession, Brexit and climate change. It has never been more important to plan and prepare a roadmap for a resilient, sustainable economy. The Plan’s focus is on a smart recovery based on entrepreneurship and investment, cli-mate action and exploiting new opportunities. Covid-19 has ushered in a digital transformation in the way we work and communicate. Working from home has the potential to make a permanent impact on regenerating communities and to some extent town centres. For countless businesses, remote working practices will be part of their new norm, and smart co-working hubs need to be positioned throughout Kildare to provide structured, well connected, professional working environments. The Covid-19 pandemic has also altered the purchasing habits of many people. Businesses have had to accelerate the digitisation of their businesses or simply lose out. Many Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have had to undertake transformative digitalisation of their enterprises to adapt to this new business landscape, and for many, this is very much seen as their new business model.
Tourism and recreation make a positive contribution to the economic and social wellbeing of the county. Kildare’s close proximity to Dublin offers significant opportunities to expand the existing tourism offer and brand for the county. Kildare’s location, its rich built and natural heritage along with its horse racing and golfing attractions provide opportunities to attract spin-off tourism from the city region and neighbouring counties.
This Development Plan faces the challenge of responding proactively to circumstance and facilitating a built-in resilience and strength to the County’s economy through providing for attractive places to work and a broad employment base.
Chapter 5 - Sustainable Mobility & Transport
The transportation system caters for the movement of communities and businesses across County Kildare. National and regional transport policy recognises that current transport trends in Ireland and the Greater Dublin Area, in particular, in relation to current levels of car use, are unsustainable and that a transition towards more sustainable modes of transport, such as walking, cycling and public transport is required.
Kildare County Council recognises its important role as a local authority in increasing accessibility, promoting active travel modes and reducing car use by a variety of means and to better integrate land use and transportation planning. The Council, through this and other plans, will proactively engage with the National Transport Authority and other relevant transport agencies in seeking to achieve the above.
This draft County Development Plan (CDP) contains a series of sustainable transport goals, policies and objectives for healthy placemaking and sustainable movement that, over time, will achieve an increase in walking, cycling and use of public transport and a decrease in the use of the private car.
Chapter 6 - Infrastructure & Environmental Services
The availability of high-quality water, drainage infrastructure and environmental services are necessary to facilitate the sustainable development of the county and to
protect the environment.
While Irish Water is responsible for all aspects of public water services planning, delivery and operation, Kildare County Council, as an agent of Irish Water continues
to provide certain water services functions for County Kildare.
The Council is responsible for the management of surface water, with the Office of Public Works (OPW) having overarching responsibility for flood risk management. The Council also has a statutory role in regulating waste management and pollution in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in co-operation with Regional support organisations such as the Local Authority Waters Programme (LAWPRO) and the Waste Enforcement Regional Lead Authority (WERLA) offices.
It has and will continue to be a policy of the Council to support Irish Water and their role in relation to water supply and wastewater treatment, to manage surface water in a sustainable manner, to minimise waste in accordance with the principles of the circular economy approach and to provide flood protection measures and to reduce flood risk as far as possible.
Chapter 7 - Energy & Communications
Due to increased energy requirements and national and EU targets for energy consumption from renewable sources, our electricity supply must move away from fossil fuel sources to renewable and sustainable forms of generation. The Council recognises the range of new and developing technologies and supporting infrastructure that can contribute to minimising greenhouse gas emissions and to securing a greater proportion of our energy needs from renewable resources.
Kildare has a long history of energy production related predominantly to the commercial exploitation of peatlands. Kildare County Council recognises the potential economic benefit of a transition from fossil fuel-based energy production through to investment in renewable energy.
Irelands ‘Climate Action Plan 2019 – To Tackle Climate Breakdown’ represents the Government’s approach, aimed at enabling Ireland to meet its EU targets to reduce carbon emissions by 30 percent between 2021 and 2030 and lays the foundations for achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Kildare County Council adopted a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the county in 2019, which takes on the role as the primary instrument at local level to: ensure a proper comprehension of the key risks and vulnerabilities of climate change; bring forward the implementation of climate resilient actions in a planned and proactive manner; and ensure that climate adaptation considerations are mainstreamed into all plans and policies and integrated into all operations and functions of Kildare County Council.
Chapter 8 – Urban Centres & Retail
Retail is the single biggest private sector employer in the country, with around 300,000 employed in every village, town and city across Ireland and generating around €7 billion in tax revenue for the state every year1. The economic activity generated in retail in turn supports local suppliers, producers and the wider economy.
The sector is facing many challenges including an increase in online shopping, impacts on distribution from Brexit and the ongoing consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic including an increase in vacancy levels in our towns and villages throughout the county. Retailing is a fundamental element of town and village centre activity and it is important that these centres maintain, reinstate and improve retailing as a core function which this chapter seeks to address.
Chapter 9 – Our Rural Environment
Rural areas across the county are facing many challenges, ranging from urban generated pressures in some areas to a declining and aging population in other areas, coupled with lack of access to infrastructure and new technologies. Other pressures include exploitation of natural resources ranging from the extractive / quarrying industry to diversification of uses on former cut-away bogs, energy production and distribution – wind farms, solar farms, strategic energy infrastructure – expansion of sub-stations, new transmission lines, battery storage facilities. These uses, although in some cases necessary, represent competing demands on the rural resource and while there are economic opportunities associated with these it requires very careful management.
A key challenge is to ensure that in planning for rural places, responses are uniquely tailored to recognise the balance required between managing urban generated demand in the most accessible rural areas (i.e., north of the county) whilst supporting the sustainable growth of rural communities and economies, including those facing decline (i.e., south of the county).
Traditional sectors such as agriculture, extractive industries, and forestry will be important in helping Kildare reach targets in relation to climate change and will play a vital role over the coming years and the period of this plan to help Ireland reach its climate targets particularly in relation to carbon storage, provision of renewable energy, reducing emissions, protection of water bodies and increasing biodiversity. Renewable energy production in the form of wind, solar, and biomass have to date been largely provided in rural areas and the location of future renewable energy production is likely to be met in rural areas
These sectors along with tourism will need to be complemented by diversification in areas such as food, renewable energy and opportunities provided from improved digital connectivity e.g., facilitating those in rural areas to work remotely. The agri-food, forestry, and tourism sectors play a significant role in Ireland’s rural economy. Kildare is well positioned to contribute more to the tourism sector with the development of greenways, blueways, and peatways providing an alternative visitor experience.
In summary several elements of the county’s rural economy will be promoted in this chapter including agriculture, equine, horticulture, forestry, boglands, and renewable energy together with the continued modernisation of the farming / food sector. In parallel, the quality of the rural environment will be enhanced and protected from inappropriate development and / or practices.
Draft Development Plan Appendices
Environmental Assessments for Proposed Material Alterations to Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
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Proposed Material Alterations to Draft Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029
Volume 2
Volume 2 deals specifically with small towns, environs, villages and settlements and shall have a key economic and social function within the settlement hierarchy of the Plan.
In order to develop thriving areas where people want to live and work, the overall objective of Volume 2 is to;
(i) support the sustainable growth of our small towns, villages and settlements,
(ii) support appropriate local employment opportunities and economic activity,
(iii) build on each areas unique character and natural assets.
Investing in key areas to support regeneration such as town centre renewal, social infrastructure and physical infrastructure is key in supporting the growth and viability of the county’s local centres.
For the purpose of Volume 2 the towns of Kilcullen, Sallins and Clane shall not be included as part of the Small Towns as a Local Area Plan has been prepared for each of these settlements. All other towns, villages and settlements, as identified in the County Kildare Settlement Hierarchy, shall be included in Volume 2. The Blessington and Ladytown Environs Plans are also included in Volume 2.